Mitochondrial biology is a field of study that focuses on the structure, function, and regulation of mitochondria, organelles within cells that play a crucial role in energy production, metabolism, and cellular signaling. Research in this area aims to understand how mitochondria influence various physiological processes, such as cell growth and differentiation, and how dysfunction in these organelles can lead to diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. Scientists in this field investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern mitochondrial function, dynamics, and communication with other cellular components, and develop new strategies for targeting mitochondria in the treatment of various diseases.